Which Test Is Done for Male Fertility?

Wiki Article

Male fertility is an important aspect of family planning, yet it is usually ignored. Many couples struggle with conception without realizing that male fertility could be a contributing factor. Identifying male fertility issues early can save time, reduce stress, and improve the chances of successful conception. But how do you check male fertility? In this blog post, Dr. Neha Shriya, one of the best fertility specialists in Gurgaon, provides insight into the tests and procedures used to assess male reproductive health.

What is Male Fertility?

Male fertility depends on several factors, including the quantity and quality of sperm, hormonal balance, and overall reproductive health. Problems in any of these areas can affect conception. Men who have been trying to conceive for more than a year without success should consider undergoing a fertility evaluation.

Common Tests for Male Fertility

1.     Semen Analysis

Semen analysis is the first and most essential test for male fertility. It evaluates the following:

●     Sperm count: The number of sperm present in a milliliter of semen. Low sperm count can reduce fertility.

●     Sperm motility: How well the sperm move. Poor motility can prevent sperm from reaching the egg.

●     Sperm morphology: The shape and structure of sperm. Abnormal sperm shapes can affect fertilization.

●     Volume and pH of semen: Ensures proper semen composition for sperm survival.

This test is simple, non-invasive, and provides crucial information about male fertility. Multiple samples may be required for accurate results.

2.    Hormonal Testing

Hormones play a vital role in sperm production. Hormonal imbalance can cause infertility in men. Key hormones tested include:

●     Testosterone: Low levels may indicate reduced sperm production.

●     Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): High or low levels can indicate problems in the testes.

●     Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Helps regulate testosterone production.

●     Prolactin and Estradiol: Abnormal levels can also affect fertility.

Hormonal testing is usually done through a simple blood test.

3.    Genetic Testing

Sometimes, infertility may be due to genetic factors. Genetic testing can detect:

●     Chromosomal abnormalities

●     Y chromosome microdeletions

●     Cystic fibrosis-related gene mutations

Genetic evaluation is recommended if semen analysis shows a very low sperm count or no sperm at all.

4.    Testicular Biopsy

A testicular biopsy involves taking a small tissue sample from the testes to examine sperm production directly. This test is recommended when:

●     Semen analysis shows azoospermia (no sperm in semen)

●     Hormonal tests indicate testicular failure

Testicular biopsy helps doctors determine if sperm can be retrieved for assisted reproductive techniques like IVF or ICSI.

5.    Scrotal Ultrasound

Scrotal ultrasound uses sound waves to create an image of the testes and surrounding structures. This test helps detect:

●     Varicoceles (enlarged veins in the scrotum)

●     Testicular tumors

●     Structural abnormalities affecting fertility

Ultrasound is non-invasive, painless, and provides valuable insights into male reproductive health.

6.     Specialized Sperm Function Tests

In some cases, advanced tests are performed to evaluate sperm function:

●     Sperm DNA Fragmentation Test: Checks the integrity of sperm DNA.

●     Acrosome Reaction Test: Assesses the sperm’s ability to penetrate the egg.

●     Antisperm Antibody Test: Detects immune reactions affecting sperm function.

These tests are recommended for men with unexplained infertility or repeated IVF failures.

When to Consult a Male Fertility Specialist

Men experiencing any of the following should consult a fertility doctor near you:

●     Difficulty conceiving for more than a year

●     History of testicular injury or surgery

●     Sexual dysfunction or low libido

●     Hormonal imbalance or abnormal semen analysis results

Early evaluation can improve fertility outcomes and guide appropriate male fertility treatment options.

Conclusion:

Male fertility testing is an important step in understanding reproductive health. From semen analysis and hormonal tests to genetic evaluations and specialized sperm function tests, modern medicine offers a comprehensive approach to diagnose and treat male infertility. If you are struggling to conceive, consulting an experienced male fertility specialist near you can provide guidance and improve your chances of starting a family.